Дипломная работа: English Predicate and its Translation Properties into Uzbek

1.2 The link-verbs in English and their translation into Uzbek and Russian

In shaping the predicate the differences of language systems become apparent stronger and multilaterally than in shaping the subject. This is stipulated by the capacity and importance of the given part of the sentence.[5] Actually, the predicate bears greater number of grammatical relations than the subject does.

The object itself, about which we are talking can reveal itself i.e. determine itself really only through actions and functions which are expressed by the predicate. The predicate connects the doer with the object and the modifiers of the action. That is why the predicate is factual center, which gravitates and gathers subgroups of all parts of the sentence.

This happens in any language. But it is vividly seen in English, where one cannot omit any main parts of the sentence. Here it is indicative to compare Uzbek and English composite nominal predicate.

Mening akam - muhandis. - My brother is an engineer.

The predicate can be expressed by two types of verbs: verbs denoting action, and the verbs denoting existence and objective reality. The use of the verbs of the first group as a predicate does not differ greatly form the appropriate Uzbek verbs of action, that’s why we shall not stop at the predicate, expressed by the verb of action. We shall consider the verbs of the second group, which includes tobe and tohave, in the meaning and use of which it is observed essential divergence in comparison with the appropriate Uzbek bo’moq and ega bo’lmoq.

1. Verb to be

English verb to be corresponds to Uzbek verb ‘bo’moq’. In its main meaning ‘bor bo’moq’ as it is well-known, verb ‘ bo’moq’ is used in the past and future tenses, but in present tense it is usually omitted. But in English it is obligatory to use the copula verb in the present tense too. Compare the senetences:

Men honada edim.- I was in the room.

Men honada bo’laman.- I’ll be in the room.

Men honada. – I am in the room.

Except the present tense (omitting copula verb in Uzbek and its obligatory presence in English – generally, it is formal circumstance, connected with the different structure of two languages), here the use and the meaning of ‘to be’ coincide with ‘bo’lmoq’ too. But the similarity exhausts here. Verb ‘to be’ is much richer in its potential semantic possibilities than Uzbek ‘bo’lmoq’. Thus, depending on the context, it can obtain the meaning ‘the state in the space’, for example:

The book is on the table- Kitob stolda yotibdi. -Книгалежитнастоле..

The table is in the middle of the room- Stol hona o’rtasida turibdi.- Столстоитпосредикомнаты.

The picture is on the wall- Sur’at devorda osilib turibdi.- Картинависитнастене.

Let’s look at some more important of its numerous meanings:

1. “bo’lmoq, qatnashmoq”

She’ll be here all the day- U bu yerda butun kun davomida bo’ladi.

Kitty was here for the holidays.- Kiti bu yerga ta’til payti kelgan edi.

John was at the meeting, too. – Jon ham majlisda qatnashdi.

2. ‘ sodir bo’lmoq, bor bo’lmoq’

It was only last year.- But faqat o’tgan yili sodir bo’lgan edi.

3. ‘teng bo’lmoq, tashkil etmoq’

Twice two is four.- Ikki kara ikki to’rtga teng.

4. ‘turadi (narxlar haqida)’

How much is the hat? – Bu shlyapa qancha turadi?

5. 'iborat bo’lmoq'

The trouble was we did not know her address.- Muammoshundaniboratedikibizuningmanzilgohinibilmagan edik.-Беда состояла в том, что мы не знали ее адреса.

In prefect forms to be acquires the meaning ‘tashrif buyurmoq, borib turmoq’