Курсовая работа: Teaching sentence structure

4. They awarded Perry Mason’s client a substantial judgment.

5. They sent us folders on careers.

PRACTICE 19 Changing Passive to Active

Change each of the following sentences with retained object to forceful sentences in the active voice.

Example: I was given a pearl necklace by Aunt Martha.

Aunt Martha gave me a pearl necklace.

1. I was told my favorite story about my father’s childhood escapades by my grandmother.

2. Johnny was sent a real Swiss cowbell by Uncle Ted.

3. I was given some foreign currency by Mrs. Walker.

4. Paul was done a favor by Dan Abrams.

5. The guests were played a lively folk tune by the orchestra.

VERBAL: PARTICIPLES, GERUNDS, INFINITIVES

VERBAL A verbal is a verb form used like an adjective, a noun, or an adverb.

Like verbs, verbal can have complements and adverbial modifiers. They cannot, however, be predicate verbs.

NOT A SENTENCE The flag still is flying over Fort McHenry.[3]

A SENTENCE The flag was still flying over Fort McHenry.

A SENTENCE Francis Scott Key saw the flag still flying over Fort McHenry.

PARTICIPLE A participle is a form of the verb that is used only as an adjective

A participle is part adjective and part verb. Many participles end in ing, ed, or d. The participles of the verb carry are carrying, carried, having carried, being carried, having been carried.

To find out what word a participle modifies, ask the question «Who?» or «What?» about it.

Stately mansions built by whaling captain line the cobblestone streets of Nantucket. (What were built? Mansions. Built modifies mansions.)

Among the houses lining the elm-shaded street are three large ones known as the «Three Bricks» (Lining is a participle modifying houses; known is a participle modifying ones.)

1. A biography written by Parson Weems established Francis Marion as the Robin Hood of the Revolution.

A participle is placed partly on a slanting line, like an adjective, and partly on a horizontal line, like a verb. As an adjective, written modifies biography; as a verb, it is modified by the adverb phrase by Parson Weems.

2. Having served his country as a regular officer for five years, Marion began his career as a partisan in 1780.

The participle having served as an adjective modifies Marion; as a verb, it takes a direct object, country, and is modified by two adverbs phrases, as a regular officer and for five years.

PARTICIPIAL PHRASE A participle and the words that modify it or complete its meaning form a participial phrase.

Using his experience as an Indian fighter and his knowledge of the gloomy cypress swamps, Marion shrewdly planned his raids. (The participial phrase contains two prepositional phrases, as an Indian fighter and of the gloomy cypress swamps, and two direct objects, experience and knowledge.)

PRACTICE 20 Explaining Participles