Реферат: Билеты для сдачи кандидатского минимума по английскому языку аспирантам специальностей правовед, бухгалтер, экономист, философ
Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes
H.E.
Mr. Gennady Bogachev
Deputy Director
Dear Mr. Bogachev,
I want to thank you for your participation in the Political and Economic Leaders Summit of 7-8 February, in Thessaloniki, in the frame of ASIA FORUM 2000.
You will soon receive a short report with the conclusions. We proceed also to the publication of the Proceedings.
We have started the preparations for the Business Meeting and Exhibition of 23-28 May. We hope to have your support in motivating enterprises and businessmen to participate in the event.
We shall ask your active involvement in the May event very soon.
Thanking you once again, I remain
Sincerely yours
Task III. Conversation on the topic of your thesis
аспирантура (канд. экз.)
Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине
английский язык
(специальность: международное право; европейское право)
билет №8
Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes
A Protocol on Social Policy attached to the treaty, from which Britain opted out, declared as its objectives the promotion of employment, improved living and working conditions, proper social protection, dialogue between management and labour, the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion (Article 1).
The Community was required to develop trans-European networks (Article 129b EC) and to contribute to the development of education and vocational training and the flowering of European culture (Articles 126, 127, 128 EC), albeit in these latter cases in a supporting role, 'supplementing' and 'encouraging' the actions of member states, pursuant to the principle of subsidiarity.
As well as amending the EC Treaty the treaty on European Union provided for co-operation with a view to the framing of common policies in the fields of foreign and security policy, and eventually defence, and in justice and home affairs. These matters remain strictly intergovernmental, in the nature of a 'normal' international agreement and outside the institutional framework of the EC treaty; as such they will not be subject to the jurisdiction of the European Court, nor will they be the concern of the British courts. When member states are acting under these provisions they are acting as members of the European Union. The term 'European Community' will continue to apply to matters pertaining specifically to the EC treaty.
It is clear from the above brief outline that the scope of the law stemming from the EC treaty, and of Community competence, is now extremely wide. Within this area of competence the Community institutions have power, subject only to the limitations provided by the treaty, to pass laws, binding on states and individuals. As well as provisions of the EC Treaty which may be enforced by national courts, there now exists a substantial body of EC secondary legislation in all the areas of activity outlined above, fleshing out the basic principles of the treaty. Much of this law is directly enforceable within national legal systems. Where it is not it may be necessary for national courts to take it into account in interpreting national law. The Index of Community Activities listed in the Directory of Community Legislation in force. Official Journal (OJ) of the European Communities, indicates the range of Community law. All EC secondary legislation is published in the Official Journal (L) series; it is listed, analytically (Volume I) and chronologically (Volume II), with the appropriate OJ reference, in the Directory itself.
________________________
EC European Community
Enforcing EC Law. Josephine Steiner. Blackstone Press Limited, 1995
Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes
February 25, 2000
VIA FEDEX
Mr. Alexander Ivanov
President
MICEX