Реферат: Child Development Essay Research Paper Physical development

confidence, social skills, and social roles, much

develops during early childhood. Cognitive growth permits

children a greater appreciation of psychological roles,

motives, and feelings, deepening their understanding

of themselves and others. At the same time their social

world becomes more diverse with the introduction of new

social collaborates such as in preschool or in the

neighborhood and in richer roles for familiar partners such

as parents, siblings, and long time playmates. The play

years are filled with examples of an emerging self concept,

as preschoolers repeatedly explain who they are and who they

are not and assiduously note which possessions are theirs.

During the play years, children gradually begin to perceive

themselves not just in terms of their physical attributes,

or they are characteristic behaviors or abilities, but also

in terms of their dispositions and traits, seeing

themselves, for example, as friendly, shy, happy, or

hardworking. By the late preschool year’s children possess a

self-concept that may include a recognition of certain

psychological tendencies. Nevertheless, preschoolers

psychological understanding of themselves and others is

still very limited. They do not grasp the complexity of

personality or the variability of a person’s competencies:

they do not appreciate, for example, that a person can be

mean to people but kind to animals, or can be good at math

but poor in reading. Preschoolers also do not clearly

distinguish the different psychological causes of actions or

skills, believing, for example, that ability is self

controlled and can always be changed through effort.