Реферат: Childhood Education And Social Inequalities Essay Research

direct effect on the still developing fetus. ?The influences of genetics are seen

as an impact on social inequalities. The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study

provided researchers with important information related to genetic factors in

behavioral inhibition.? Behavioral inhibition is unstable between ages of 14 to

24 months, and that this change is due to genetics rather then environmental

factors. It suggests that genes may turn off and on at different ages, and that

genes are ?context dependent.? In example of the Twin Study, comparisons

between the identical and fraternal twins show that there was a continual

genetic influence showing responses on cognitive, emotional, and behavior

arousal in response to distress of another, at the ages of 24 and 36 months.

Social influences that were shared by the twins with their interactions with

parents and others were a major influence with the mothers, but not the

testers. So genetic influences showed up more readily. Genetic influences

were ever present are not environmentally controlled. Maybe the social

background of a child with a low SES (socioeconomic status) could inhibit or

caused the trigger effect (turn on or off) of genetic propensities. Our next

topic is the family and social factors. Two of the biggest are social class and

poverty. These have been found very often to predict the developmental

outcomes of childhood. There are suggestions that infants and young children

who grow up in poverty are more likely to suffer health problems., cognitive

delays and behavioral problems as compared to children who do not grow

up in poverty. These poor children ?more likely to experience medical

problems such as lead poisoning, failure to thrive, otitis media, iron

deficiency, anemia, and to score lower on developmental and cognitive

scales.? There are many variables that effect relationships indirectly, these

include nutrition, housing, medical care, lifestyles, neighborhood quality,

accidents, and exposure to toxic substances. Also a social and emotional

qualities in which the child develops: parenting skills, maltreatment, maternal

disharmony, and quality of care. Young children who have a low SES are