Реферат: Childhood Education And Social Inequalities Essay Research

act. One of the most influential impacts on child development is child-rearing,

or parenting. When we look at parenting this way social inequalities are most

relevant. The mothers who are from low SES groups are apt to provide less

learning and academic stimulation, they offer less variety in social and cultural

experiences, less warmth and affection, and more punitive care- giving such

as yelling, scolding, hitting and spanking. These behaviors have shown to be

associated with poor results including a lower IQ, and emotional and

behavioral problems. ?A recent report from the multi-site Infant Health and

Development Program showed that harsh parental discipline in the context of

low maternal warmth, was associated with IQ scores for girls at three years

of age 12 points lower than the IQ scores of girls who received low

punishment and high warmth.? Young mothers who have great stress in their

mother-child relationship have found it more difficult to make use of job

opportunity and basic skills programs. In regards of their strength in the

relationship between quality of parenting, and socioeconomic status is

moderate. When parenting is based on the assertion of power instead of

supportive guidance, it breeds the development of behavioral disorders. In a

study conducted by NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, the ratings

of mothers? sensitivity – positive regard, non-intrusiveness, sensitivity to

non-distress expression, based on videotaped observations of mother-child

interaction at 6-15months showed non-complaint behavior in the laboratory,

as well as in the home at two and three years. When parents make ?do

demands? such as ?come and eat,? ?sit down,? and ?get dressed? to two and

three year olds, instead of ?don?t demands? ?don?t get lost,? ?don?t stay up

too late,? as well as using positive affects, the children?s level of compliance is

enhanced. Another psychiatric problem that can be connected with social

inequalities in early childhood development is substance abuse. Evidence

shows that there is no simple relationship between prenatal drug exposure

and specific developmental outcomes. But the combination of biological and