Топик: Grammar
NOMINAL & VERBAL NATURE:
1.Nominal:
-can perform the function of subject(swimming is delightful there), object(I like making people happy), predicative(my favorite sport is figure-skating.
-can be preceded by a preposition(I’m very fond of flying).
-can be modified by a noun in the possessive case or by a possessive pronoun(Is any objection to my seeng her?)
2.Verbal:
-the gerund of transitive verbs can take a direct object(I have made a progress in understanding his speech).
-can be modified by an adverb(she burst out crying bitterly)
-has tense distinctions, the gerund of transitive verbs has also voice distinctions.(indefinite-he can swim without tiring, & perfect-she denies having spoken with him, passive & active-he liked neithe reading aloud, neither being read aloud to)
PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS:
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Complex Subject - There is no use you telling me not to worry.
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Complex Predicative – My idea of holiday is going to the seaside.
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Complex Object – Perhaps you wouldn’t mind his coming in.
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Complex Attribute – I like the idea of Michael’s going with us.
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Complex Adverbial modifier – I went to the cinema in spite of her having told me her impressions.
All forms are used. The nominal Element may be expressed:
A living being:
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By a noun in the Possessive Case. (I like the idea of Michael’s going with us.
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By a Possessive pronoun. (The day passed without her resolving this problem).
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By a noun in the common case. When the doer of the action is emphasized. -He denied Mary having done this on purpose. When the nominal element consists of 2 or more nouns( I insist on Mary & Kate spending their free-time together.
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By a pronoun in the objective case. (Do you mind them going there?)
A lifeless thing:
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By a possessive pronoun (he insisted on its (the letter) being sent immediately.
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By a noun in the common case(Everything depends on the letters being sent in time).
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By pronouns all, this, that, both, each, something(I couldn’t deny both of them having had a nice holiday).
SUBJECT.
All forms are used.
IGA-It’s good your trying to find the right answer.
IGP-Their being late disappointed them.
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