Топик: Grammar

PGP-Mike’s having been put in this position irritated us.

The gerund may follow a predicate – the sentence opens with introductory it. It’s no use talking like that to me.

Introductory “there is no” – there is no deceiving him, he can read my face like a book.

Complex

PREDICATIVE:

Only IGA- The only remedy for such a headache is going to bed;& IGP – what annoyed me most of all was his accepting their proposal quite readily.

PART OF A COMPOUND VERBAL PREDICATE:

Aspect: IGA - In the night it started raining.

Modal: IGA – I couldn’t help playing this game, IGP – I couldn’t help being excited when I was told the news.

Verbs with which the g forms a CAP: keep on, go on, give up, leave off, burst out, finish, stop, cease, begin, start, continue.

Modal: with the modal expression can’t help.

DIRECT OBJECT:

After verbs: avoid, be busy, can’t afford, can’t bear, deny, deserve, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy, forget, forgive, hate, like, mind, need, postpone (откладывать), prefer, put off, recollect, regret, remember, require, suggest, want.

All forms are used.

IGA – I love reading. IGP – I can’t bear being asked about my family. PGA – he didn’t recollect such a thing having happened to him before. PGP – He denied the message having been sent by him.

PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT:

After: approve of, complain of, accuse of, suspect of, think of, boast of, be aware of, be capable of, be fond of, be pleased at, be surprised at, agree to, object to, confess to, devote to, look forward to, get used to, get accustomed to, rely on, insist on, count on, depend on, feel like, look like, persist in, succeed in, be busy in, prevent from, keep from, thank for, care

of.

IGA - I complained of having my letter returned. IGP – I insisted on the parcel being sent with declared value. PGA-I suspected of his having done the homework. PGP-He complained of having been interrupted by the others.

ATTRIBUTE:

After:

• Of: chance, habit, idea, trouble, risk, method, way, custom, fear, manner, means, problem, necessity, possibility, pleasure, right, hope, intention, importance, effort, feeling, sound, gift, sign.(he was born with the gift of winning hearts).

• For: instruction, apology, explanation, reason, preparation, excuse, plan.(I have no instruction for using it).

• In: experience, use, skill, interest, sense, harm, difficulty. (I have no experience in doing such kind of work).

• At: Astonishment, disappointment, surprise. He couldn’t conceal his astonishment at seeing them together.

ADVERBIAL MODIFIER:

• Time (after, before, on, upon, in, at) IGA-Upon waking I found myself much recovered. IGP-After being looked through, the book was left in the library.

• Manner (by, in): IGA-The day was spent in packing. IGP-He succeeded in finishing the work by being given a helpful hand.

• Attendant circumstances (without, besides, instead of):IGA- I passed by without noticing him. IGP- Without being looked through the documents were signed.