Дипломная работа: Syntax and semantics of verbals in English

[t] after voiceless consonants except t:

worked [wə:kt].

The following spelling rules should be observed:

(a) Final у is changed into i before the addition of -ed if it is preceded by a consonant.

to carry — carried

у remains unchanged if it is preceded by a vowel.

to enjoy — enjoyed

(b) If a verb ends in a consonant preceded by a short stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled.

to stop —stopped

Final r is doubled if it is preceded by a stressed vowel.

to occur —- occurred

Final r is not doubled when preceded by a diphthong,

to appear — appeared

Final l is doubled if it is preceded by a short vowel, stressed or unstressed:

to compel — compelled

2. Irregular verbs. Here belong the following groups of verbs:

(a) verbs which change their root vowel.

to sing —sang — sung

(b) verbs which change their root vowel and add -en for Participle II.

to speak —spoke —spoken

(c) verbs which change their root vowel and add -d or -t.

to sell —sold —sold

(d) verbs which change their final -d into -t.

to send —sent —sent

(e) verbs which have the same form for the Infinitive, Past Indefinite and Participle II.

to put — put — put

(f) verbs whose forms come from different stems.

to be — was, were — been

to go — went — gone