Курсовая работа: Equivalents of gerund are in Russian translation

4) The gerund of a transitive verb takes a direct object.

He received more and more letters, so many that he had given up reading them. – Онпоучалвсебольшеибольшеписем, такмного, чтоонбросилихчитать. – A verbal noun cannot take a direct object; it takes a prepositional object with the preposition of. Meanwhile Gwendolyn was rallying her nerves to the reading of the paper. – АтемвременемГвендолендействовалаейнанервычитаябумагу.

5) The gerund may be modified by an adverb.

Drinking, even temperately, was a sin. – Дажевыпивкапопраздникамсчитаетсягрехом. – The verbal noun may be modified by an adjective. TomtookagoodscoldingaboutscoldingSid. – Тома хорошо поругали за то, что он побил камнями Сида.

Not having the verbal meanings, the verbal noun doesn’t have the form of tenses and doesn’t express any voice. After the verbal noun the direct object can’t exist.

They started the loading of the ship. – Ониприступиликпогрузкесудна.

NOTE. – One should notice that the noun is formed not from all verbs due to suffix -ing. The noun can be formed by other methods:

To manufacture – производить; Manufacture – производство;
Toproduce – производить; Production – производство;
Tosell – продавать; Sale – продажа;
To ship – отгружать; Shipment – отгрузка (9, 262).

Section 4 Comparison of the English gerund and its equivalents in Russian

I’ve analyzed the gerund in Russian translations of the book by C.S. Lewis “The Silver Chair” (19), and “The Lion, the Which and the Wardrobe” (20).

I’ve found the translation of these books by Shaposhnikova and Ostrovskaya. These books are under the edition of N.Trauberg (19; 20). One can see that the authors of the translation used a free technique of translation without paying any attention to the grammar and Russian equivalents. At first I’d like to consider the translation of the gerund, which is rendered by other Russian parts of speech (21; 22). There are:

Without speaking – молчание,

for looking while – победил,

for not liking – нелюбит,

she couldn’t help thinking – ейказалось.

Let nothing turn your mind from following the sights! – Незабывайознаках!

like being in an airplane – напоминалсамолет.

The sound of waves breaking on the store was growing louder – Звукиприбоястановилисьгромче.

telling – узнать,

No one suggested doing anything. – Никтонеговорил, чтоделатьдальше.

she began groping with their feet – стоялаизовсехсил,

buzzing – шепчут.

It’s worse than coming back and finding him dead. – Лучшебымнезнать, чтоонумер.

opening – отверстие,

saying – послышалось,

trying – учить,

without delivery – неуспела,

knowing – запоминание,

looking - отправились,

talking of going to a party – речьшлаогостях,

on saying – заметил,

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