Курсовая работа: Equivalents of gerund are in Russian translation

On seeing Bella he stopped, beckoned her to him, and drew her arm through his. – УвидевБеллу, оностановился, подозвалеексебеивзялподруку (16 – 19).

d) by a subordinate clause.

He regretted now having come. – Теперьонсожалел, чтопришел.

It should be observed that though the active forms of the gerund may be rendered in different ways, the passive forms are nearly always rendered by a clause.

As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became conscious of being gazed upon. – Когдаонарассматривалаширокиевитриныивнушительныевывески, онапочувствовала, чтонанеесмотрят.

After having been informed of the conference in my lady’s room,… he immediately decided on waiting to hear the news from Frizinghall. – Послетогокакемусообщилиосовещаниивкомнатемиледи,… онсразурешилподождать, чтобыузнатьновостиизФризингхолла (15, 171).

1.2 The tense distinctions of the gerund

The tense destinations of the gerund, like those of the participle, are not absolute but relative.

The Indefinite Gerund Active and Passive denotes an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb it may refer to the present, past, or future.

He can swim for any number of hours without tiring. - Онможетплытьмногочасовподряд, неуставая.

She walked on without turning her head. – Онашла, неповорачиваяголовы.

Gwendolen will not rest without having the world at her feet. – Гвендоленнеуспокоится, покавесьмирнебудетуееног.

No one could pass in or out without being seen. – Никтонемогнивойтитак, чтобыегоневидели (12 – 105).

However, a prior action is not always expressed by a perfect Gerund; in some cases we find an Indefinite Gerund. This occurs after the verbs to remember, to excuse, to forgive, to thank and after the prepositions on (upon), after and without.

Idon’trememberhearingthelegendbefore. – Я не помню, что бы я раньше слышала о легенде.

Thank you for restraining me just now. – Благодарютебя, чтосдержалменясейчас.

On leaving the house we directed our steps to the nearest shade. – Покинувдом, мыосматривалиськближайшейтени.

After walking about ten yards, he found the hat among the leaves. – Пройдяоколодесятиярдов, онобнаружилшляпусредилистьев.

She passes through and disappears in the village without noticing the young lady. – Онапроходитмимоиисчезаетвдеревненезамечаяюнуюледи (14 – 210).

The Perfect Gerund may also be used after the above mentioned verbs and prepositions.

He did not remember having been in that room. – Оннепомнил, чтобыкогда-нибудьбылвэтойкомнате.

After having denied herself to everybody, Miss Rachel, to our astonishment, walked into the midst of us of her own accord. – ПослетогокакмиссРэчелотказаласьвидетькогобытонибыло, онакнашемуудивлению, вышлакнампосвоемусобственномужеланию.

They parted at Cohen’s door without having spoken to each other again. – ОнирассталисьудверидомаКоэна, несказавдругдругунислова (15, 173).

1.3 The voice distinctions of the gerund

The gerund of transitive verbs has special forms for the active and the passive voice.

He liked neither reading aloud nor being read aloud to. – Оннелюбилничитатьвслух, нислушатьчтение.

It’s to observed that after the verbs to want, to need, to deserve, to require and the adjective worth the gerund is used in the active form, though it is passive in meaning.

“The slums want attending to, no doubt”, he said. – «Безсомнениятрущобаминадозаняться», – сказалон.

He realized that his room needed painting. – Онпонял, чтоегокомнатунадопокрасить.

The child deserves praising. – Ребенокзаслуживаеттого, чтобыегопохвалили.

They were not worth saving. – Ихнестоилоспасать (4 – 66).

1.4 Predicative constructions with the gerund